Study of the artificial intelligence sector: Standard growth hides serious challenges
A comprehensive study of the artificial intelligence sector is presented – conducted by the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Technology (DSIT) in collaboration with Perspective Economics, Ipsos, and glass.ai – providing a detailed overview of the current state of the industry and its future prospects.
In this article, we will delve into the results and key implications – relying on additional sources to enhance our understanding.
Thriving Industry with Significant Growth
The study highlights the significant growth of the artificial intelligence sector in the United Kingdom. With over 3,170 active companies in the AI field, these companies generated £10.6 billion in AI-related revenues and employed over 50,000 people in AI-related roles. This significant contribution to GVA (Gross Value Added) underscores the transformative potential of the sector in driving economic growth in the UK.
Mark Boost, CEO of Civo, stated: “In a space long dominated by American companies, it is promising to see the government stepping up to support the AI sector in the UK on the global stage.”
The study shows that AI activity is spread across different regions of the UK, with notable concentrations in London, the Southeast, and Scotland. This regional dispersion indicates a wide scope for developing AI technology applications across various sectors and regions.
Investment and Funding
Investment in the AI sector has been a key driver of growth. In 2022, £18.8 billion in private investments have been secured since 2016, with investments in 52 unique industrial sectors compared to 35 sectors in 2016.
The government’s commitment to supporting AI is evident through significant investments. In 2022, the UK government unveiled a national AI strategy and action plan, allocating over £1.3 billion to support the sector, complementing the £2.8 billion that has already been invested.
However, as Boost warns, “Major players like AWS are working to lock emerging AI companies into their ecosystems through offerings like $500,000 cloud credits, ensuring that startups begin their journey relying on their infrastructure. This not only hampers competition and reinforces vendor lock-in, but also risks stifling innovation across the broader AI ecosystem in the UK.”
Addressing Bottlenecks
Despite growth and investment, several bottlenecks need to be addressed to fully leverage AI potential:
- Infrastructure: The digital technology infrastructure in the UK is less advanced than many other countries. This bottleneck includes insufficient data center infrastructure and reliance on powerful GPU computer chip slices. Boost emphasizes this concern, stating: “It would be risky for the government to ignore the vast computing power that AI relies on. We need to look at the source of this power and the impact it has on both the highly concentrated cloud market and the environment.”
- Business Awareness: Many small and medium-sized companies lack familiarity with digital technology. Nearly a third (31%) of SMEs have not yet adopted the cloud, and nearly half (47%) do not currently use AI tools or applications.
- Skill Shortages: Fifty percent of companies struggle to find employees with good digital skills, including traditional digital roles like data analysis or IT. There is a growing need for workers with new AI-specific skills, such as rapid engineering, which will require retraining opportunities and skills enhancement.
To address these bottlenecks, the government has implemented several initiatives:
- Private Sector Investment: Microsoft announced a £2.5 billion investment in AI skills, security, and data center infrastructure, with the goal of purchasing over 20,000 of the most advanced GPU units by 2026.
- Government Support: The government has invested £1.5 billion in computing power and committed to building three new supercomputers by 2025. This support aims to enhance the UK’s infrastructure to remain competitive in the AI market.
- Public Sector Integration: The UK Government Digital Service (GDS) is improving efficiency using predictive algorithms for predicting future pension system behavior. The UK Revenue and Customs Authority uses AI to help prioritize call center tasks, demonstrating how AI solutions can address complex public sector challenges.
Future Prospects and Challenges
The future of the AI sector in the UK is promising yet filled with challenges. While significant economic gains are expected, including boosting GDP by £550 billion by 2035, delayed AI deployment could cost the UK £150 billion during the same period. Ensuring a balanced approach between innovation and regulation is crucial.
Boost stresses the importance of data sovereignty and privacy: “Companies are increasingly concerned about how their data is collected, stored, and used by entities like ChatGPT. The government has a real opportunity to empower the AI sector in the UK to provide actionable alternatives.”
“The upcoming AI action plan will be another opportunity to define how AI can drive economic growth and better support the technology sector in the UK.”
- AI Safety Summit: The AI Safety Summit at Bletchley Park shed light on the need to develop AI responsibly. The “Bletchley Declaration on AI Safety” emphasizes the importance of ensuring that AI tools are transparent, fair, and bias-free to maintain public trust and realize the benefits of AI in public services.
- Cybersecurity Challenges: Given that AI systems deal with sensitive or personal information, securing them is crucial. This includes protection against cyber threats, securing algorithms from manipulation, safeguarding data centers and devices, and ensuring supply chain security.
The study on the AI sector underscores a thriving industry with significant growth potential. However, it also highlights several bottlenecks that need to be addressed – infrastructure gaps, lack of business awareness, and skills shortages – to fully harness the sector’s potential.
(Photo by John Noonan)
See also: EU Regulation on Artificial Intelligence: Early Preparation Can Give Companies a Competitive Edge
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